A trio of scientists has won the 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on how cells sense and respond to oxygen.

Gregg Semenza of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, William Kaelin of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and Peter Ratcliffe of the Francis Crick Institute in London made discoveries relating to the HIF system, proteins that fine-tune cells’ response to oxygen. The three researchers will split the prize of 9 million Swedish kronor, or more than $900,000.

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